1,2-dihydro-pyridine-n-phosphonates and thiophosphonates

ABSTRACT

Dihydro-nitrogen heterocyclic phosphoramidates of the general formula   WHERE   REPRESENTS A DIHYDRO-NITROGEN RING, R is a substituted group, preferably hydrocarbon, X is 0 or S, and R1 is an alcohol or phenolic moiety, preferably hydrocarbon; the preparation and uses thereof particularly as corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, etc.

United States Patent [19] Redmore June 28, 1974 l 5 1 1,2-DIHYDRO-PYRIDINE-N- PHOSPHONATES AND THIOPHOSPHONATES [75] Inventor: Derek Redmore, Ballwin, Mo.

[73] Assignee: Petrolite Corporation, Wilmington,

Del.

[22] Filed: Dec. 20, 1971 [2]] Appl. No.: 210,106

[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2/1968 Kroll 204/49 6/1972 Redmore 260/297 P OTHER PU BLICATIONS Karrer, Organic Chemistry, 4th English Edition, page 928, Elsevier Publishing Co., (1950).

Primary ExaminerAlan L, Rotman Attorney, Agent, or FirmSidney B. Ring; Hyman F. Glass ABSTRACT Dihydro-nitrogen heterocyclic phosphoramidates of the general formula where represents a dihydro-nitrogen ring, R is a substituted group, preferably hydrocarbon, X is 0 or S, and R is an alcohol orphenolic moiety, preferably hydrocarbon; the preparation and uses thereof particularly as corrosion inhibitors, microbiocides, etc.

8 Claims, N0 Drawings 1 2 l,2-DIHYDRO-PYRIDINE-N-PHOSPHONATES AND An R group may also be joined to an adjacent group THIOPHOSPHONATES so as to form a ring provided ortho and/or para posi tions are available for substitution, for example in the This invention relates to dihydro-nitrogen heterocying aromatic ype ring systems clic phosphoramidates characterized by the formula 5 R 0 Nil N N/ N N x=1' (xn.): I t q q where R is a substituted group and R, is an alcohol moi- \N/\/ L AU ety, where R and R, are alkyl, aryl, cycloalkyl, alkaryl, aralkyl, etc., X is oxygen or sulfur, and the circle repre-v sents a cyclic structure which may be a sole cyclic structure or attached to other cyclic groups. Representative compounds include q N N etc.

E The above ring systems may also be substituted. The f H H adjacent rings may also contain heterocyclic groups for 0= P( 1) 2 example oxygen, nitrogen, etc., and/0r may contain where R and R1 are alkyl, aryl, etc. gilrfilgaslehgvsmrgn (13ers?) ha riinlrx molecules in the ring for ex These Q PP are P p y reactmg nm'ogen In certain instances more than one nitrogen hetero heterPcycllcs a hydrocarbofl metal or Grlgilard type cyclic ring may be capable of reacting with the phos- {eacuon for example, accordmg to the followmg reac' phochloridate so that substitution may occur in more Hons than one ring.

' X Representative examples of heterocyclic reactants H I include pyridines and benzoand dibenzoderivatives m L 2952 [l of pyridine, for example, pyridine, alkylated pyridines N H such as 2-pico line, 3-picoline, 4-picoline, etc., 2,4-

l lutidlne, 2,6-lutidme, 2,3-lutidine, etc., collidines, etc.,

:P XR' L1Ga X )2 qumolme and alkylated quinolines, etc., tsoqumolmes, and alkylated isoquinolines, etc., phenanthridines, and

substituted phenanthridines, etc., acridines and substi- H v OIP(XR)2 A R MP 01 R, tuted acridines, etc. b) L J 4O By means of the present reaction, the chloridate moi- 7 Cl 6 I? \H ety of a phosphite group is added to the nitrogen atoms X=P(XR), in the form of the phosphite ester to form an amide These products have a wide variety of uses including r\ their use ascorrosioninhibitors, biocides, etc. Deriva- \J )z X=0 o S tives of these products can also be prepared, such as the Diels-Alder Adduct, etc. i

Any nitrogen heterocyclic capable of being activated T Ph p m on Isa ester so as to react with a phosphochloridate can be reacted. acid hahde of a p ph or thlo'phosphoflc 301d, These include heterocyclics having one or more rings where at least one ring has a nitrogen heterocyclic 1; group and the other .rings are carbocyclic or heterocy- 1181' clic, i.e.; they may contain oxygen or other non-carbon elements in the ring, etc.

The X can be oxygen or sulfur, for example They may be illustrated by the formula 8 R3 ha1-i 0 R 11a11 s R R R4 R2 0 et-ion where the R's, which may or may not be the same, are r hydrogen orasubstituted group, for example, alkyl, cy- R can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyll, aryl, etc., such as cloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkoxy, halo, etc. The Rs may methyl, ethyl, propyl, cyclohexyl, phenyl, etc.

also be further substituted provided the substituted The reaction is preferrably carried out in an inert solgroups do not interfere with the reaction. vent such as hexane, benzene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxthe phosphorus reagent. The second method involves reaction of the heterocyclic compound with the phosphorus reagent-followed by treatment with the organometallic reagent. Although in some cases it is possible to form the dihydro-nitrogen heterocyclic phosphoramidates by mixing all three reagents, it is usually preferred to use either of the two step-wise reaction procedures.

These procedures are illustrated in the following examples. The following examples are presented by way of illustration and not of limitation.

EXAMPLE 1 To a 2.2M solution of phenyl lithium in benzeneether 1 14 ml; 0.25 mole) cooled to was added a solution-of pyridine (20 g; 0.25 mole) in ether (50 ml) at 5 during 1 hour. After stirring for 1 hour at 0 the resulting blood-red solution was added to diethyl phosphorochloridate (43.3 g; 0.25 mole) in ether (50 ml) during 80 minutes at 5l0 with cooling. The resulting pale yellow solution was stirred overnight at room temperature and water (100 ml) was added. The organic phase was separated and evaporated to yield crude dihydropyridine. Distillation'yielded the pure dihydropyridine (30 g) bp 1 l5130/0.04 mm. The NMR spectrum and infrared spectrum showed the expected absorptions for the following structure:

Analysis calculated for C H NO P; N, 4.78; P, 10.58 percent Found: N, 4.92; P, 10.50.

EXAMPLE 2 ll L mcmcmcm AI D:

EXAMPLE 3 3,5-dimethylpyridine (37 g; 0.35 mole) was added dropwise to a 2.3 M solution of phenyl lithium (155 ml;

0.35 mole) in benzene/ether at 2 6,during 45 min- 7 utes. After allowing the mixture to warm to 15 it was added in 90 minutes to a solution of diethyl phosphorochloridate (60.9 g; 0.35 mole) in ether (200 ml) at 5 15. After stirring overnight the work-up procedure of Example 1 was employed. Distillation yielded the dihydropyridine (58 g) bp 1 10 l20/0.l mm. The NMR and IR spectra were consistent only with the following dihydropyridine structure:

EXAMPLE 4 To a solution of pyridine (21.3 g; 0.27 mole) in ether cooled and stirred at was added a 1.6 M solution of butyl lithium in hexane (170 ml; 0.27 mole) during 10 minutes. The solution was allowed to warm to 0 and stirred at this temperature for one hour. The resulting solution was then added at 10 20 to dimethyl thionophosphoro chloridate (43.3 g; 0.27 mole) in ether (100 ml) in 1 hour. After stirring overnight water (100 ml) was added and the organic layer separated. Evaporation of the solvent yielded the crude dihydropyridine which upon distillation yielded pure product, bp /0.2 mm, represented by the following formula:

(18.5 g; 0.23 mole) in ether ml) during 30 min- 55' utes. After warming to 0 and stirring at this temperature for 1 hour diethyl phosphorochloridate (40.5 g; 0.23 mole) in ether 100 ml) was added during 30 minutes at 0 10. The resulting pale yellow solution was stirred at room temperature overnight and water (200 60 ml) added. The organic layer was separated and solvent removed by distillation. Distillation of the residue yielded the dihydropyridine (24.2 g) bp 96 l 10/0.25 mm. The NMR and infrared spectra were consistent only with the dih-ydropyridine structure below:

The following compounds were prepared using similar procedures:

The following examples illustrate the use of an alternative procedure for the preparation of N-phosphorus substituted 1,2-dihydropyridines.

EXAMPLE 12 Pyridine (7 g; 0.09 mole) was added at 15 to a solution of diethyl phosphorochloridate (15.3 g; 0.09 mole) in benzene (60 ml). After stirring the resulting slurry for 1 hour, methyl magnesium chloride (.09 mole) in tetrahydrofuran was added at 5 10 in l hour. After stirring 1 hour at 10 water (50 ml) was added and the organic phase separated. Distillation gave pure dihydropyridine, bp 8589/0.l mm. The NMR and IR spectra were consistent only with the following structure:

l H O=P (OCHzCHg);

By the method df Exam le '12 additional dihydropyridines were prepared as follows:

The dihydroheterocyclic phosphoramidates of this invention act as a conjugated diene system that can be reacted with a dienophile to form the Diels Alder Reaction product. These are illustrated by the following reaction:

(r u I W R K/ LN/ H I II I The following present certain categoriesof dienophiles which can react with the compositions of this invention.

1. CH CHA.

A COZH, CO2C2H5, COCH COC H CN, N0 C H CH OH, CH X, Cl-l NH CH CN, (CH CO H, CH NCS, OCOCH SC H CH R, X, H.

2. C H CH CHA.

A CHO, CO H, CO CH CO C H COCH COC H A CO C H CN, COCH X. t

4. ACH CHA.

A COZH, CO2CH3, C02C2H5, COCHg,

COC H X.

5. Quinones.

6. AC 5 CA.

A COgH, CO2CH3, CO2C2H5, COC6H5, C6H5,

The more reactive dienophiles usually contain the C =C-C=OortheC E CC=Osystem. Otherunsaturated groups, such as CN, N0 or S0 promote the addition. In some instances even substances with isolated double bonds have been found to add dienes, but these substances usually require more drastic reaction conditions.

Among those substances that have been employed most frequently as dienophiles are maleic anhydride and other closely related dicarboxylic acid derivatives, alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and acetylenic compounds and quinones and other cyclic ketones.

The following Table lists specific dienophiles.

Acrolein Crotonaldehyde Cinnamaldehyde Acetylethylene (methyl vinyl ketone) Ethylideneacetone Benzoylethylene (vinyl phenyl ketone) Benzalacetone and benzalacetophenone Dibenzalacetone l-Cyclopenten-3-0ne and derivatives l-Cyclohexen-3-one sym-Dicetylethylene sym-Diaroylethylenes Acrylic acids Crotonic acid and crotonyl chloride Cinnamic acids and esters 3,4-Dihydro-Lnaphthoic acids and esters Coumarin Beta-Aroylacrylic acids Alkylidene-malonic, -acetoacetic, and -cyanoacetic esters Diels-Alder adducts:

Unsaturated bicyclic compounds (such as dicyclopentadiene) Ethylene The following examples illustrate the formation of EXAMPLE 19 The product of Example 1 (3.1 g) was warmed in benzene (30 ml) with maleic anhydride 1.05 g) at 80 for 1 hour. Evaporation of the solvent yielded a gum which afforded white crystals mp l458 fromv benzene/hexane of the bicyclo octyl derivative.

i 1% Y (O CHrC Hzh 7 EXAMPLE CH3 (I) CH3 [OCHzCHah The Diels-Alder adducts may also be employed as microbiocides, corrosion inhibitors, etc.

USE AS A MICROBIOCIDE I. IN WATER TREATMENT This phase of the present invention relates to the treatment of water. More particularly, it is directed to providing improved means for controlling microbiological organisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and the like, present in water.

It is well known that ordinary water contains various bacteria, fungi, algae. protozoa and other microbiological organisms which, if uncontrolled, multiply under certain conditions so as to present many serious problems. For example. in swimming pools the growth of these microbiological organisms is very undesirable from a sanitary standpoint as well as for general appearances and maintenance. In industrial water systems such as cooling towers, condenser boxes. spray condensers, water tanks, basins, gravel water filters. and the like, microbiological organisms may interfere greatly with proper functioning of equipment and result in poor heat transfer, clogging of systems and rotting of wooden equipment, as well as many other costlyand deleterious effects.

In other industrial applications where water is used in processes, as for example, as a carrying medium, etc., microbiological organisms may also constitute a problem in maintenance and operation. Illustrative-of such industrial applications are the pulp and paper manufacturing processes, oil well flooding operations and the like.

The products of this invention are suitable as biocides for industrial, agricultural and horticultural, military, hygienic and recreational water supplies. They providean inexpensive, easily prepared group of products which can be used, in minimal amounts, in water supplies, in cooling towers, air-conditioning systems, on the farm and ranch, in the factory,in civilian and military hospitals and dispensaries, in camps, for swimming pools, baths and aquaria, waterworks, wells, reservoirs, by fire-fighting agencies, on maritime and naval vessels, in boilers, steam-generators and locomotives, in pulp and paper mills, for irrigation and drainage, for sewage and waste disposal, in the textile industry, in the chemical industries, in the tanning industry, et cetera, and which will render said water supplies bactericidal, fungicidal and algicidal. They further provide a simple process whereby water supplies, for whatever purposes intended, are rendered bacteriostatic, fungistatic and algistatic, i.e., said water supplies treated by the process of this invention will resist and inhibit the further growth or proliferation of bacteria, fungi, algae and all forms of microbial life therein.

The compositions of this invention can be employed in concentrations of from about 5 ppm, such as about 5 to 10,000 ppm, for example from about 10 to 1,000 ppm, but preferably from about 25 to 250 ppm. In general, a concentration sufficient to obtain a desired result is employed.

ll. WATER FLOODING IN SECONDARY RECOVERY OF OIL This phase of the present invention relates to secondary recovery of oil by water flooding operations and is more particularly concerned with an improved process for treating flood water and oil recovery therewith.

More particularly this invention relates to a process of try to effect secondary recovery of oil. By employing this process the yield of oil from a given field may be increased beyond the 30 percent of the oil in a producing formation that is usually recovered in the primary process. In flooding operations, water is forced under pressure through injection wells into or under oil-bearing formations to displace the oil therefrom to adjacent producing wells. The oil-water mixture is usually pumped from the producing wells into a receiving tank where the water, separated from the oil, is siphoned off, and the oil then transferred to storage tanks. It is desirable in carrying out this process to maintain a high rate of water injection with a minimum expenditure of energy. Any impediment to the free entry of water into oil bearing formations seriously reduces the efficiency of the recovery operation.

The term flood water" as herein employed is any water injected into oil-bearing formations for the secondary recovery of oil. In conventional operations, the water employed varies from relatively pure spring water to brine and is inclusive of water reclaimed from secondary recovery operations and processed for recycling. The problems arising from the water employed depend in part on the water used. However, particularly troublesome and common to all types of water are problems directly or indirectly concerned with the presence of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Microorganisms may impede the free entry of water into oil-bearing formations by producing ions susceptible of forming precipitates, forming slime and- /or existing in sufficiently high numbers to constitute. an appreciable mass, thereby plugging the pores of the oilbearing formation. Pore-plugging increases the pressure necessary to drive a given volume of water into an oil-bearing formation and oftentimes causes the flooding water to by-pass the formation to be flooded. In addition, microorganisms may bring about corrosion by acting on the metal structures of the wells involved, producing corrosive substances such as hydrogen sulfide, or producing conditions favorable to destructive corrosion such as decreasing the pH or producing oxygen. The products formed as the result of corrosive ac-' tion may also be pore-plugging precipitates. Usually, the difficulties encountered are a combination of effects resulting from the activity of different microorganisms.

Organisms of the Desulfovibrio genus, more commonly known as sulfate reducing bacteria, are known particularly to preclude efficient operation of oil recovery by conventional water flooding techniques by producing H 8 which reacts with iron or iron salts to precipitate black ferrous sulfide. These organisms are often resistant to the effects of many known antimicrobial compounds.

I have discovered that the compositions of this invention are effective bactericides for sulfate reducing bactena.

III. HYDROCARBON TREATMENT fuels. The activity of microorganism growth is often increased by the presence of rust. Not only do these microorganisms often encourage rust but rust encourages microorganism growth. Since microorganism growth appears to be considerably higher with kerosene than with gasoline, plugged filters experienced with jet fuels which contain large amounts of kerosene is a seriou problem.

The compositions of this invention can be employed in hydrocarbon systems. I

MICROBIOCIDAL-TESTING The procedure was carried out in the following manner. Solutions of test compounds were aseptically added to a sterile broth which would support growth of the following test organisms:

l. Sulfate reducing bacteria 2. Aerobic bacteria Growth media prescribed by the American Petroleum Institute was used. The broth containing the test compound was dispersed into sterile disposable tubes and the tubes were inoculated with the growing organisms and incubated at 35 C for 24 hours. The absence or presence of growth was determined by visual inspection by an experienced observer.

The compositions of this disclosure show good biocidal activity in both aerobic systems and against sulfate reducing bacteria as illustrated in the following table.

Concentration for 100% kill Compound against sulfate reducing bacteria Example 3 30 ppm Example 4 30 ppm Example 19 30 ppm Aerobic Bacteria 7r kill at 25 ppm 50 ppm I00 ppm Example 3 60% 835% Example l 7071 810% 90% Example 17 88% 92% 95% Example 19 92% 96% 98% The compounds of this invention are particularly useful as corrosion inhibitors, particularly in acidic systems.

USE IN FLUIDS FOR DRILLING WELLS A third type of drilling fluid which has recently been developed, is one of oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsion, for example, emulsions of mineral oil in water or water in mineral oil formed by means of emulsifiers such as fulfuric acid; Turkey-red oil; soaps of fatty acids, for example, sodium oleate; emulsoid colloids, for example, starch, sodium alginate, etc. Varying amounts of finely divided clay, silica, calcium carbonate, blown asphalt and othermaterials may be added to these emulsions to improve their properties and control their weight.

I havenow discovered that thecompositions of this invention can be employed as a corrosion inhibitor in drilling fluids.

USE IN AIR DRILLING It has long been conventional practice in drilling deep bore holes to circulate a drilling mud down through the drill stem and up through the bore hole between the wall of the bore hole and the drill stem for the removal of chips or cuttings from the bore hole and to provide support for the wall of the bore hole. More recently, in the drilling of holes in which wall support provided by drilling mud is not employed, drilling has been carriedout with the use of air for chip removal. Such drilling is not only normally faster than mud drilling but is indispensable in areas where the supply of water is limited or when drilling through cavernous formations into which the drilling mud flows and becomes lost.

The increasing popularity of air or gas drilling has come about not only because this method of drilling is frequently faster, as noted above, but for the additional reasons that the drill bits last longer, the provision and handling of water under wide ranges of temperature conditions is avoided, boring samples are easily observed when they are not mixed with mud, and there is no loss involved as in the case of mud drilling when drilling through cave mous formations. Furthermore, prompt removal of water entering the hole maintains a dry hole and the likelihood of wall collapse is thereby reduced.

In a typical air drilling operation there may be provided, for example, an up-flow of air in the bore hole having a velocity of the order of 3,000 feet per minute. This flow of air upwardly through the bore hole, which is produced by air pumped downwardly through the drill stem, provides adequate removal of cuttings. The air is delivered to the drill stem at pressures of 20 to 60 lbs. per square inch and for dewatering or for breaking obstructions, as will be hereinafter described, the pressures may be increased to 180 to 200 lbs. or more per square inch.

Air drilling operations are frequently hampered by the inflow of water into the bore hole when the drill bit is penetrating a water bearing stratum or when the bore hole has passed through a water bearing stratum that has not been cased. Normally, if drilling proceeds uninterruptedly both before and during penetration into a water bearing stratum, the flow of air is sufficient to blow the water out of the bore hole along with the cuttings and drilling dirt. There are, however, two major problems encountered in air drilling when water is entering the bore hole. The first problem occurs when there is a small inflow of water sufficient to cause a dampening of the cuttings which, under certain conditions, will then ball-up, clogging and sometimes jamming the drill bit. The second problem is encountered when there is a substantial amount of water remaining in the bottom of the bore hole during drilling causing a sloughingof the side wall of the bore hole. This latter condition may arise even though the water entering 'the bore hole is being blown out of the hole as fast as it enters. if there is a substantial inflow of water or if there is a substantial flow of water past a region of the bore hole susceptible to this condition, the water passing that region of the bore hole may cause a sloughing of the side wall.

The addition of foam forming materials to the air flow when air drilling is employed in conjunction with sufficient water to provide foaming gives rise to numerous advantages in drilling operationsThe water may be introduced either through a water bearing stratum being penetrated by the drill bit or, alternatively, if the hole is dry, water may be introduced from the surface of the earth through the drill stem in conjunction with the delivery of compressed air and foam forming material through the drill stem to the drill bit. in either case the water may be said to be existing in the bore hole, and drilling operations are described in US. Pat. No. 3,130,798.

The amount of the compositions of the invention to be employed as a corrosion inhibitor can vary widely depending upon particular compounds, the particular system, the amounts of oxygen present, etc. I may employ concentrations of from about 0.5 to 5,000 ppm, such as from about 4 to 4,000 ppm, for example from about 20 to 2,000 ppm, but preferably from about to 1,000 ppm. The optimum amount, to be determined in each instance, which will depend on function and economics, can be lesser or greater than the above amounts under proper conditions.

USE IN BRINES This phase of the invention relates to the prevention of corrosion in systems containing a corrosive aqueous medium, and most particularly in systems containing brines.

More particularly, this invention relates to the prevention of corrosion in the secondary recovery of petroleum by water flooding and in the disposal of waste water and brine from oil and gas wells. Still more particularly, this invention relates to a process of preventing corrosion in water flooding and in the disposal of waste water and brine from oil and gas wells which is characterized by injecting into an underground formation an aqueous solution containing minor amounts of compositions of this invention, in sufficient amounts to prevent the corrosion of metals employed in such operation. This invention also relates to corrosion inhibited brine solutions of these compounds.

When an oil well ceases to flow by the natural pressure in the formation and/or substantial quantities of oil can no longer be obtained by the usual pumping methods, various processes are sometimes used for the treatment of the oil-bearing formation in order to increase the flow of the oil. These processes are usually described as secondary recovery processes. One such process which is used quite frequently is the water flooding process wherein water is pumped under pressure into what is called an injection well and oil, along with quantities of water, that have been displaced from the formation, are pumped out of an adjacent well usually referred to as a producing well. The oil which is without substantial aeration, the secondary recovery method is referred to herein as a closed water flooding system.

Because of the corrosive nature of oil field brines, to economically produce oil by water flooding, it is necessary to prevent or reduce corrosion since corrosion increases the cost thereof by making it necessary to repair and replace such equipment at frequent intervals.

I have now discovered a method of preventing corrosion in systems containing a corrosive aqueous media, and most particularly in systems containing brines, which is characterized by employing the compositions of this invention.

I have also discovered an improved process of protecting from corrosion metallic equipment employed in secondary oil recovery by water flooding such as injection wells, transmission lines, filters, meters, storage tanks, and other metallic implementsemployed therein and particularly those containing iron, steel, and ferrous alloys, such process being characterized by employing in water flood operation the compositions of this invention.

This phase of the invention then is particularly concerned with preventing corrosion in a water flooding process characterized by the flooding medium contain.- ing an aqueous or an oil field brine solution of these compounds.

In many oil fields large volumes of water are produced and must be disposed of where water flooding operations are not in use or where water flooding operations cannot handle the amount of produced water. Most States have laws restricting pollution of streams and land with produced waters, and oil producers must then find some methodof disposing of the waste produced salt water. In many instances, therefore, the salt water is disposed of by injecting the water into permeable low pressure strata below the fresh water level. The formation into which the water is injected is not the oil producing formation and this type of disposal is defined as salt water disposal or waste water disposal. The problems of corrosion of equipment are analogous to those encountered in the secondary recovery operation by water flooding.

The compositions of this invention can also be used in such water disposal wells thus providing a simple and economical method of solving the corrosion problems encountered in disposing of unwanted water.

Water flood and waste disposal operations are too well known to require further elaboration. In essence, in the present process, the flooding operation is effected in the conventional manner except that the flooding medium contains a minor amount of the compound of this invention, sufficient to prevent corrosion, in concentrations of about ppm to 10,000 ppm, or more, for example, about 50 to 5,000 ppm, but preferably about 15 to 1,500 ppm. The upper limiting amount of the compounds is determined by economic considerations. Since the success of a water flooding operation manifestly depends upon its total cost being less than the value of the additional oil recovered from the oil reservoir, it is quite important to use as little as possible of these compounds consistent with optimum corrosion inhibition. Optimum performance is generally obtained employing about 1,000 ppm. Since these compounds are themselves inexpensive and are used in low concentrations, they enhance the success of a flood operation by lowering the cost thereof.

While the flooding mediumemployed in accordance with the present invention contains water or oil field brine and the compounds, the medium may also contain other materials. For example, the flooding medium may also contain other agents such as surface active agents or detergents which aid in wetting throughout the system and also promote the desorption of residual oil from the formation sequestering agents which prevent the deposition of calcium and/or magnesium compounds in the interstices of the formation, bactericides which prevent the formation from becoming plugged through bacterial growth, tracers, etc. Similarly, they may be employed in conjunction with any of the operating techniques commonly employed in water flooding and water disposal processes, for example, five spot flooding, peripheral flooding, etc.,'and in conjunction withother secondary recovery methods.

Corrosion tests were made using sand blasted I020 mild steel coupons monitored by a polarization resistance meter, a PAIR instrument described in US. Pat. No. 3,406,101. These tests were made in cylindrical containers of 1,500 cc volume with provision for constant stirring by means of a motor driven impeller. A thermostatically controlled immersion heater maintained an average temperature of C. and an air inlet kept the fluids constantly saturated with air. Between each test the cylinder was cleaned with steam, benzene, acetone and thoroughly washed with clean water. Results of these corrosion tests made in various aqueous environments are shown in the following Table.

Protection is calculated in the usual manner from corrosion rate (R of fluids without inhibitor and corrosion rate (R in presence of particular inhibitor according to the formula (R R /R X Percent protection.

Corrosion results in aerated laboratory brine 4.2% NaCl, 1.7% Mg (31,, 0.15 CaCl 0.09% Na SO pH 6.0)

USE IN ACID SYSTEMS The compounds of this invention can also be employed as corrosion inhibitors for acid systems, for ex- 15 ample as illustrated by the pickling of ferrous metals,

the treatment of calcareous earth formations, etc., as described in the following sections.

USE AS PICKLING INHIBITORS This phase of the invention relates to pickling. More.

particularly, the invention is directed to a pickling composition and to a method of pickling ferrous metal. The term ferrous metal as used herein refers to iron, iron alloys and steel.

To prepare ferrous metal sheet, strip, etc., for subsequent processing, it is frequently desirable to remove oxide coating, formed during manufacturing, from the surface. The presence of oxide coating, referred to as scale is objectionable when the material is to undergo subsequent processing. Thus, for example, oxide scale must be removed and a clean surface provided if satisfactory results are to be obtained from hot rolled sheet and strip in any operation involving deformation of the product. Similarly, steel prepared for drawing must possess a clean surface and removal of the oxide scale therefrom is essential since the scale tends to shorten drawing-die life as well as destroy the surface smoothness of the finished product. Oxide removal from sheet or strip is also necessary prior to coating operations to permit proper alloying or adherence of the coating to the ferrous metal strip or sheet. Prior to cold reduction, it is necessary that the oxide formed during hot rolling be completely removed to preclude surface irregularities and enable uniform reduction of the work.

The chemical process used to remove oxide from metal surfaces is referred to as pickling. Typical pickling processes involve the use of aqueous acid solutions, usually inorganic acids, into which the metal article is immersed. The acid solution reacts with the oxides to form water and a salt of the acid. A common problem in this process is overpickling which is a condition resulting when the ferrous metal remains in the pickling solution after the oxide scale is removed from the surface and the pickling solution reacts with the ferrous base metal. An additional difficulty in pickling results from the liberated hydrogen being absorbed by the base metal and causing hydrogen embrittlement. To overcome the aforementioned problems in pickling, it has been customary to add corrosion inhibitors to the pickling solution.

The present invention avoids the above-described problems in pickling ferrous metal articles and provides a pickling composition which minimizes corrosion, overpickling and hydrogen embrittlement. Thus the pickling inhibitors described herein not only prevent excessive dissolution of the ferrous base metal but effectively limit the amount of hydrogen absorption thereby during pickling. According to the invention, a pickling composition for ferrous metal is provided which comprises a pickling acid such'as sulfuric or hydrochloric acid and a small but effective amount of the compound of this invention, forexample at least about ppm, such as from about 100 to 5,000 ppm, but preferably from about 500 to 1,500 ppm.

Ferrous metal articles are pickled by contacting the surface (usually by immersion in the pickling solution) with a pickling composition as described to remove oxide from their surface with minimum dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement thereof and then washing the ferrous metal to remove the pickling composition therefrom.

16 USE IN ACIDIZING EARTH FORMATIONS The compositions of this invention can also be used as corrosion inhibitors in acidizing media employed in the treatment of deep wells .to reverse the production of petroleum or gas therefrom and more particularlyto an improved method of acidizing a calcareous or magnesium oil-bearing formation.

It is well known that production of petroleum or gas from a limestone, dolomite, or other calcareousmagnesian formation can be stimulated by introducing an acid into the producing well and forcing it into the oil or gas bearing formation. The treating acid, commonly a mineral acid such as HCl, is capable of forming water soluble salts upon contact with the formation and is effective to increase the permeability thereof and augment the flow of petroleum to the producing well.

The compositions of this invention may also be added to other aqueous and/or oxygenated systems such as steam generating systems, water circulating systems such as in cooling towers, in automobile radiators, in diesel locomotive engines, in boiler water, sea-water ship ballast, etc.

The amount of phosphoramidate employed in treating the corrosive systems of this invention will vary with the particular compound employed, the particular system, the solids present in the system, the degree of corrosivity of the system, etc. A minor amount of the compound is generally employed sufficient to impart corrosion protection to the system. In general one employs concentration of trace amounts such as from about 1.0 ppm to 10,000 ppm, for example from 5 to 5,000 ppm such as from to 2,500 ppm, but preferably from 500 to 2,000 ppm. In practice, concentrations of 1,000 i 200 ppm are employed.

I claim:

1. A dihydro-nitrogen heterocyclic phosphonate of the formula where Q represents a 1,2-dihydropyridine group, R and R are lower alkyl or phenyl and X is O or S. i

2. The compound of claim 1 where and where R is phenyl, R. is ethyl and X is O.

3. The compound of claim 2 where C TDZH,

and where R is phenyl, R is ethyl and X is O.

4. The compound of claim 1 where and where R is methyl, R, is ethyl and X is O.

6. The compound of claim 1 where h and where R is butyl, R is ethyl and X is O.

7. The compound of claim 1 where and where R is butyl R is methyl, and X is S.

8, fI'he compound of claim 1 where and where R is methyl, R is isopropyl and X is O 

2. The compound of claim 1 where
 3. The compound of claim 2 where
 4. The compound of claim 1 where
 5. The compound of claim 1 where
 6. The compound of claim 1 where
 7. The compound of claim 1 where
 8. The compound of claim 1 where 